Pembangunan Ekonomi dan tantangannya dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Pembangunan

Abstract

Economic development is a multidimensional process oriented not only toward increasing economic growth but also encompassing improvements in the quality of life, equitable distribution of prosperity, strengthening institutions, and environmental sustainability. From a development economics perspective, economic development is understood as a process of structural transformation involving sustainable changes in economic, social, and institutional aspects. This study aims to analyze the concept of economic development, identify key challenges in the development process, and explain the role of development economics in formulating sustainable economic development policies. The method used is a literature review, reviewing various books, journal articles, and scientific publications relevant to the study's theme. The study's results indicate that challenges to economic development include low human resource quality, income and regional inequality, limited capital, weak institutions, and increasingly complex global dynamics. Development economics plays a crucial role in providing a theoretical and analytical framework for formulating inclusive, equitable, and long-term policies. The study's conclusion affirms that successful economic development is one that balances economic growth, social justice, and environmental sustainability to improve the welfare of society as a whole.